Today, This Blogger Is Called For A "Moving Screen"

As March Madness 2013 fades from memory, the contronym, "Screen" has yet another unrelated meaning: a "screen" in a basketball game is a maneuver when an offensive player attempts to step in the path of (without physical contact) — or "screen" — a defensive player away from the offensive teammate he/she is guarding, thereby freeing up that offensive player for an open shot or pass. So a screen can involve showing a film, hiding something, or a scoring basketball play. If this is a (fair & balanced) consideration of freakish language evolution, so be it.

[x Salon]
Inside The Topsy-Turvy World Of Contronyms
By Judith B. Herman

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agency approval away behavior cl cleave cleft cloven comes company context contrary contronym depends different dust either english fast firm forms gentlemen give help homographs impose latin meaning noun opposite overlook oversee oversight penalty ready remove resign sanction seed self-antonym something spelled stone took trim turn verb weathered words world

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Here’s an ambiguous sentence for you: “Because of the agency’s oversight, the corporation’s behavior was sanctioned.” Does that mean, “Because the agency oversaw the company’s behavior, they imposed a penalty for some transgression” or does it mean, “Because the agency was inattentive, they overlooked the misbehavior and gave it their approval by default”? We’ve stumbled into the looking-glass world of “contronyms” — words that are their own antonyms.

1. Sanction (via French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire "ratify,") can mean “give official permission or approval for (an action)” or conversely, “impose a penalty on.”

2. Oversight is the noun form of two verbs with contrary meanings, “oversee” and “overlook.” “Oversee,” from Old English ofersēon ”look at from above,” means “supervise” (medieval Latin for the same thing: super- ”over” + videre ”to see.”) “Overlook” usually means the opposite: “to fail to see or observe; to pass over without noticing; to disregard, ignore.”

3. Left can mean either remaining or departed. If the gentlemen have withdrawn to the drawing room for after-dinner cigars, who’s left? (The gentlemen have left and the ladies are left.)

4. Dust, along with the next two words, is a noun turned into a verb meaning either to add or to remove the thing in question. Only the context will tell you which it is. When you dust, are you applying dust or removing it? It depends on whether you’re dusting the crops or the furniture.

5. Seed can also go either way. If you seed the lawn you add seeds, but if you seed a tomato you remove them.

6. Stone is another verb to use with caution. You can stone some peaches, but please don’t stone your neighbor (even if he says he likes to get stoned).

7. Trim as a verb predates the noun, but it can also mean either adding or taking away. Arising from an Old English word meaning “to make firm or strong; to settle, arrange,” trim came to mean “to prepare, make ready.” Depending on who or what was being readied, it could mean either of two contradictory things: “to decorate something with ribbons, laces, or the like to give it a finished appearance” or “to cut off the outgrowths or irregularities of.” And the context doesn’t always make it clear. If you’re trimming the tree, are you using tinsel or a chain saw?

8. Cleave can be cleaved into two “homographs,” words with different origins that end up spelled the same. “Cleave,” meaning “to cling to or adhere,” comes from an Old English word that took the forms cleofian, clifian, or clīfan. “Cleave,” with the contrary meaning “to split or sever (something),” what you might do with a cleaver, comes from a different Old English word, clēofan. The past participle has taken various forms: “cloven,” which survives in the phrase “cloven hoof,” “cleft,” as in a “cleft palate” or “cleaved.”

9. Resign works as a contronym in writing. This time we have homographs, but not homophones. “Resign,” meaning “to quit,” is spelled the same as “resign,” meaning “to sign up again,” but it’s pronounced differently.

10. Fast can mean “moving rapidly,” as in “running fast,” or “fixed, unmoving,” as in “holding fast.” If colors are fast they will not run. The meaning “firm, steadfast” came first. The adverb took on the sense “strongly, vigorously,” which evolved into “quickly,” a meaning that spread to the adjective.

11. Off means “deactivated,” as in “to turn off,” but also “activated,” as in “The alarm went off.”

12. Weather can mean “to withstand or come safely through,” as in “The company weathered the recession,” or it can mean “to be worn away”: “The rock was weathered.”

13. Screen can mean “to show” (a movie) or “to hide” (an unsightly view).

14. Help means “assist,” unless you can’t help doing something, when it means “prevent.”

The contronym (also spelled “contranym”) goes by many names, including “auto-antonym,” “antagonym,” “enantiodrome,” “self-antonym,” “antilogy” and “Janus word” (from the Roman god of beginnings and endings, often depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions). Ω

[Judith B. Herman is a freelance writer and artist based in Palos Verdes, CA. She is a former reference librarian at the Los Angeles Central Library. Herman received a BA (Spanish) from the University of California at Los Angeles, an MSLS (Library Science) from the University of Southern California, and an MS (Linguistics) from California State University at Long Beach.]

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